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Hamilcar Barca
Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (c. 275 – 228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. He was also father-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair.
The name Hamilcar (Punic-Phoenician ''ḥmlqrt'', "brother of Melqart") was a common name for Carthaginian men. The name ''brq'' (or ''baraq'') means "thunderbolt" in the Punic language and is thus equivalent to the epithet or cognomen ''Keraunos'', common among many contemporary Greek commanders, and the Biblical general Barak.〔S. Lancel, ''Hannibal'' p.6.〕
Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian land forces in Sicily from 247 BC to 241 BC, during the latter stages of the First Punic War. He kept his army intact and led a successful guerrilla war against the Romans in Sicily. Hamilcar retired to Africa after the peace treaty in 241 BC, following the defeat of Carthage. When the Mercenary War burst out in 240 BC, Hamilcar was recalled to command and was instrumental in concluding that conflict successfully. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian expedition to Spain in 237 BC, and for eight years expanded the territory of Carthage in Spain before dying in battle in 228 BC. He may have been responsible for creating the strategy which his son Hannibal implemented in the Second Punic War to bring the Roman Republic close to defeat.
==Early life==
Little is known about the origins or history of the Barca family prior to the Punic Wars. Quoting Tony Bath, "The Barca family, which originally came from Cyrene, was a powerful one but not at that time among the first families of Carthage". (Cyrene was in modern Libya).〔Bath, Tony, ''Hannibal’s Campaigns'', p18 id = ISBN 0-88029-817-0〕 Unfortunately Tony Bath omits references. Lance Serge states that Hamilcar's family was part of the landed aristocracy of Carthage.〔Lancel, Serge, Hannibal, p8 id = ISBN 0-631-21848-3〕 Hamilcar was a young man of 28 when he received the Sicilian command in 247 BC. By this time he had three daughters, and his son Hannibal was born during the same year.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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